Steel Buildings in Europe

Part 7: Model Construction Specification 7 - 11 4.3 Wind loads EN 1991-1-4 gives guidance on the determination of natural wind actions for the structural design of buildings (with heights up to 200 m) for each of the loaded areas under consideration. National choice is allowed through clauses listed in the Foreword to EN 1991-1-4. Additional contract document requirements According to § 7.2.2 of EN 1991-1-4, the rules for the velocity pressure distribution for leeward wall and sidewalls may be given in the National Annex or be defined for the individual project and specified in the contract documents. 4.4 Thermal actions EN 1991-1-5 gives design guidance, principles and rules for calculating thermal actions arising from climatic and operational conditions for the structural design of buildings. Principles needed for cladding and other appendages of buildings are also provided. EN 1991-1-5 describes the changes in the temperature of structural elements. Characteristic values of thermal actions are presented for use in the design of structures which are exposed to daily and seasonal climatic changes. For structures not exposed to climatic conditions, thermal actions may not need to be considered. National choice is allowed through clauses listed in the Foreword to EN 1991-1-5. Additional contract document requirements According to § 5.2(2)P of EN 1991-1-5, operational effects (due to heating, technological or industrial processes) shall be considered in accordance with the particular project, and thus specified in the contract documents. According to § 5.2(3)P of EN 1991-1-5, values of  T M and  T p may be provided for the particular project, and thus specified in the contract documents. 4.5 Actions during execution EN 1991-1-6 gives principles and general rules for the determination of actions to be taken into account during the execution of buildings. EN 1991-1-6 can be used as guidance for the determination of actions to be taken into account during structural alterations, reconstruction, partial or full demolition, and for the determination of actions to be used for the design of auxiliary construction works (false-work, scaffolding, propping system etc.) needed for the execution phases. Rules and additional information are given in Annexes A1 and B, and can also be defined in the National Annex or in the contract documents for the individual project.