Steel Buildings in Europe

Part 5: Joint Design 5 – 3  Leads to fewer errors. To take advantage of these benefits, standardised joints are recommended in this publication. A summary of the typical components adopted in this guide is as follows:  Material of grade S275 for components such as end plates and cleats  M20 8.8 fully threaded bolts, 60 mm long  22 mm holes, punched or drilled  Fillet welds of 6 mm or 8 mm leg length  Distance from the top of the beam to the first bolt row of 90 mm  Vertical bolt spacing (pitch) of 70 mm  Horizontal bolt spacing (gauge) of 90 or 140 mm  Top of partial depth end plate, cleat or fin plate is 50 mm below the top of the beam flange. 1.4 Tying resistance The requirement for sufficient tying resistance is to safeguard the structure against disproportionate collapse. Guidance on the design tying force that a connection must carry is given in EN 1991-1-7 Annex A [2] . EN 1993-1-8 does not give any guidance on how to calculate the tying resistance of joints. Other authoritative sources [3] recommend that the ultimate tensile strength ( f u ) should be used for calculating the tying resistance and the partial factor for tying  Mu should be taken as 1,10. This value applies to the design resistance of all components of the joint: welds, bolts, plate and beam. 1.5 Design guidance in this publication In this publication, design checks are presented followed in each case by a numerical worked example. The guidance covers:  partial depth flexible end plates  fin plates  double angle web cleats  column splices  column bases. In all worked examples, the section headings correspond to the headings in the design procedure preceeding each workded example.