Steel Buildings in Europe

Part 4: Detailed Design 4 – iv Contents Page No FOREWORD III SUMMARY VI 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 General 1 1.2 Scope of this document 1 2 BASIC CONCEPTS 2 2.1 Introduction 2 2.2 Simple construction 2 2.3 Sway and non-sway frames 3 2.4 Second order effects 4 2.5 General design procedure 7 2.6 Design of steel bracing systems to achieve  cr  10 for all combinations of actions 8 2.7 The effects of imperfections 10 2.8 Design summary 14 3 PRACTICAL GLOBAL ANALYSIS FOR ‘SIMPLE CONSTRUCTION’ 15 3.1 Introduction 15 3.2 Actions and their combinations 15 3.3 Analysis for gravity loads 16 3.4 Allowance for second order effects 18 3.5 Design Summary 19 4 SERVICEABILITY LIMIT STATE 20 4.1 General 20 4.2 Load combinations 20 4.3 Horizontal deflection limits 20 4.4 Vertical deflection limits 21 4.5 Precambering 23 4.6 Dynamic response 23 4.7 Design summary 24 5 ULTIMATE LIMIT STATE 25 5.1 Introduction 25 5.2 Floor systems 25 5.3 Columns 37 5.4 Vertical bracing 42 5.5 Horizontal bracing 44 5.6 Design summary 46 6 ROBUSTNESS 47 6.1 Accidental design situations 47 6.2 Consequence classes 48 6.3 Design for the consequences of localised failure in multi-storey buildings 49 6.4 Key elements 53 6.5 Risk assessment 54 6.6 Design summary 54 REFERENCES 55 APPENDIX A WORKED EXAMPLES 56 A.1 Worked Example – Simply supported, laterally unrestrained beam 57